Tuesday, June 24, 2025

The Tree of Transmutation

 

The Tree of Transmutation

I. Discovery

The LiDAR printouts spread across the plastic table looked like abstract art—swirling patterns of elevation data that spoke of structures hidden beneath Cambodia's dense forest canopy. Dr. Evan Wittman traced the geometric anomalies with his finger, following lines that suggested roads, foundations, the organized traces of human intention buried under centuries of jungle growth.

"Unprecedented," muttered Dr. Marcus Holloway, already composing press releases in his head. "We're looking at an entirely unmapped temple complex. This could rewrite our understanding of Khmer territorial expansion."

Their third colleague, Dr. James Fletcher, leaned over the data with the eager intensity of someone who'd spent too many years studying other people's discoveries. "The patterns are so regular, so... intentional. There's definitely a central focal point here." He tapped the screen. "Something big."

Evan nodded but found himself less excited by the career implications than by a different question that had been nagging at him through years of archaeological work: What did it mean to study the sacred sites of cultures whose entire relationship to the natural world differed so fundamentally from his own? Every dig felt like an exercise in missing the point—cataloging the artifacts while remaining blind to the worldview that had created them.

Three days of trekking through forest so dense the GPS signals barely penetrated brought them to coordinates that matched nothing in any official record. The jungle here felt ancient in a way that made their modern equipment seem like intrusive noise. Evan found himself walking more quietly, though he couldn't say why.

Then James stopped dead ahead of them, his machete hanging limp in his hand.

The tree rose before them like a cathedral pillar, easily thirty meters tall, its bark smooth and dark with an opalescent quality that seemed to shift in the filtered light. Ancient stone foundations embraced its base in a perfect circle, carved with reliefs whose meaning had been lost to time. But what struck Evan most was the sense of presence—as if the tree were not just a botanical specimen but something that observed them in return.

At the base, a weathered stone plaque bore inscriptions in script that predated anything in their reference materials.

"My God," breathed Marcus, already framing shots with his camera. "This is going to be front page of Archaeology Today."

James was more cautious. "We need to get these inscriptions translated. The iconography... I've never seen anything quite like it."

Evan knelt by the plaque, running his fingers over characters that seemed to pulse with their own logic. There was something here that resisted their normal protocols of documentation and analysis. Something that asked different questions than their academic training had prepared them to consider.

II. Encounter

The old man appeared so quietly that Marcus jumped and nearly dropped his camera. One moment they were alone with the tree; the next, a weathered Cambodian man in simple clothes stood watching them with eyes that held no surprise.

"You found the Preah Damboeng Parivartan," he said in accented but clear English. "The Sacred Tree of Transformation."

James recovered first, switching into his professional mode. "Sir, I'm Dr. Fletcher from the University of Melbourne. We're conducting an archaeological survey of this region. Are you from a local village? We'd very much like to speak with someone about the history of this site."

The old man—who introduced himself simply as Lok Ta Sophea—smiled with what might have been amusement. "History? Doctor, this tree has no history. It has only presence."

Over the following days, as they set up their research station in a clearing half a kilometer away, Lok Ta Sophea became a regular visitor. He answered their questions with a politeness that somehow made clear that they were asking the wrong things. Yes, the site was known to local people. No, it was not mentioned in any written records they would be familiar with. Yes, there were others who knew its significance.

"You study the past," he told Evan one evening as they sat by the fire. "But some things live in a time that includes past, present, and future together. Your words—archaeology, history—these assume time moves in one direction only."

Marcus was growing impatient. "With respect, sir, we're scientists. We deal in evidence, documentation, peer review. These philosophical..." He searched for a diplomatic word, then caught himself, his scientific curiosity briefly overriding his professional frustration. "Though I have to admit, the preservation here is remarkable. Unprecedented, really." Then, returning to his point: "But perspectives like yours, while fascinating, aren't really our field."

"Of course," Lok Ta Sophea replied mildly. "Everyone must work within their own understanding."

James proved more receptive, but in a way that made Evan uncomfortable. "Are you saying this tree has spiritual significance? That it's still actively venerated? This is exactly the kind of living tradition we need to document before it's lost to modernization."

"Nothing is lost, Dr. Fletcher. Only forgotten, then remembered again."

It was Evan who finally asked the question that had been troubling him. "What are we missing? I mean, what should we be asking that we're not asking?"

Lok Ta Sophea studied him for a long moment. "Perhaps you should speak with my niece. She has traveled in your world and might help you understand why you came here."

III. Complications

Kanya Sophea returned from Phnom Penh two days later, and Evan's first thought was that she moved through the forest like someone who belonged there completely. Perhaps late twenties, with the easy confidence that comes from being equally comfortable in multiple worlds. She spoke with them in English that carried only the faintest accent, but when she turned to her uncle, the Khmer flowed like water.

"My uncle says you're studying our tree," she said, settling onto a fallen log as if it were a chair prepared for her. "What have you learned?"

Marcus immediately launched into their preliminary findings—the probable date range, the architectural significance, the unprecedented preservation of organic materials. She listened politely but without the enthusiasm he clearly expected.

"And what do you think the tree is for?" she asked when he finished.

"Well, religious purposes, obviously. Probably a focus for ritual activity, maybe seasonal celebrations tied to agricultural cycles..."

Kanya smiled. "You're describing the tree as if it were a tool that people used. But what if the relationship goes the other direction?"

James leaned forward. "You mean the tree uses people? That's a fascinating inversion of agency. There are precedents in animistic traditions where natural objects are understood to possess intentionality..."

"Dr. Fletcher," she interrupted gently, "you're still thinking about it from the outside. As if you could study us the way you study stones."

Over the following days, it became clear that Kanya occupied a unique position. She had studied environmental science at the Sorbonne, had written her master's thesis on traditional ecological knowledge, had been offered a PhD position that she'd ultimately declined to return to the forest. Her perspective on her family's tradition was simultaneously insider and outsider, believer and analyst.

"James keeps asking me to explain our 'beliefs,'" she told Evan during one of their evening conversations. "But that's like asking me to explain why I breathe. Some things are too basic to be beliefs."

Evan found himself walking with her more often, drawn by her ability to move between worldviews without seeming to suffer the intellectual vertigo that plagued him. "But surely you can see how it looks from our perspective," he said. "We're trained to maintain analytical distance, to avoid 'going native.' The whole structure of academic knowledge depends on objectivity."

"And what has that objectivity taught you about the tree?"

He gestured helplessly. "That it's approximately eight hundred years old, that the stone work shows influence from both Hindu and Buddhist traditions, that the chemical composition of the soil suggests..."

"That you're looking at it the way a fish might try to understand air," she finished. "By analyzing its chemistry instead of learning to breathe it."

It was a conversation that made Evan think. Just as he was learning to see his own assumptions more clearly, something in her expression suggested she was reconsidering things as well.

The conversation that changed everything happened three weeks into their stay. James had been growing increasingly frustrated with what he saw as Kanya's evasiveness, and he finally confronted her directly.

"Look, I respect your tradition, but you can't have it both ways," he said. "Either your people have genuine knowledge about this tree—knowledge that can be studied and understood—or you're asking us to accept things on faith, which isn't how scholarship works. You can't just pick and choose what you want from different worldviews like some kind of intellectual buffet."

Kanya was quiet for a long moment. When she spoke, her voice carried a weight that made even Marcus stop cataloging artifacts to listen.

"Dr. Fletcher, let me tell you something about cherry-picking from worldviews. I am a woman in a tradition that, for most of its history, excluded women from its deepest teachings. According to the purest interpretation of our beliefs, I should be content to support the men's spiritual development from a distance. But I chose to challenge that interpretation, and my uncle chose to support me. Were we betraying our tradition?"

James shifted uncomfortably. "That's different. That's social justice, correcting historical inequities..."

"No," she said firmly. "That's understanding that traditions, like everything else in the world, exist in relationship. They change through encounter. They grow by learning from what they meet. The very concept that my uncle taught me—interbeing—means that nothing exists in isolation. Not trees, not people, not cultures. Your idea of 'pure' traditions that must be accepted wholesale or not at all... that's the fantasy. That's what's not real."

Evan found himself thinking about this conversation for days afterward. That evening, he sought her out as she sat by the tree in the gathering dusk.

"He got to you, didn't he?" she said without turning around.

"James? Yes, I suppose he did. His argument makes sense, philosophically. If you're going to engage with a worldview seriously, shouldn't you commit to it completely? Isn't anything else just intellectual tourism?"

Kanya was quiet for so long he thought she might not answer. Finally, she said, "Would you like to learn why that question is impossible to answer in the abstract?"

IV. Transformation

The practices began simply. Kanya taught him to sit with individual trees, to observe without the constant mental cataloging that was his professional habit. "Just notice," she said. "Not what it means or how it connects to what you already know. Just what it's like to be in the presence of this particular tree."

After a week of this, she introduced something more challenging. "Close your eyes and try to imagine what the tree experiences. Not what you would experience if you were somehow transformed into a tree, but what tree-consciousness might be like."

Evan found this almost impossibly difficult. His mind kept supplying facts about photosynthesis and root systems instead of the quality of awareness she seemed to be pointing toward. But gradually, something shifted. Instead of thinking about the tree, he began to sense into something slower, more patient, more attuned to seasonal rhythms than his human consciousness could usually apprehend.

"Good," Kanya said when he described this. "Now let's try something larger."

The progression moved through increasingly complex systems. Mountains that contained multitudes of individual lives. Grasslands where individual plants intertwined below ground in networks more intricate than any human city. Lakes where every drop of water had traveled vast distances and would travel vastly more.

"Do you see?" she asked after he spent an afternoon contemplating the lake-system that fed the forest. "When you imagine being the lake, you're not just imagining one thing. You're imagining the awareness that holds all the fish, all the plants, all the water cycles together. It's not mystical. It's just... more inclusive than the awareness you're used to."

On the night of the new moon, with Lok Ta Sophea's permission, she guided him through the practice that centered on the great tree itself. They had prepared with a tea made from plants that grew only in the tree's immediate vicinity—nothing dramatic, she assured him, just something to quiet the mental chatter that usually filled his awareness.

Sitting with his back against the tree's smooth bark, Evan felt the rough texture of ancient wood against his spine, the faint phosphorescence that seemed to pulse beneath the surface like a slow heartbeat. The tea carried flavors of earth and rain, of something green and patient that had been growing in darkness for centuries.

His consciousness expanded in a way that defied description. Not the dramatic dissolution that literature on psychedelics had led him to expect, but a gradual recognition that the boundaries he took for granted—between self and world, between present and past, between human and non-human—were more permeable than he had ever imagined.

Through what he could only call forest-being, he experienced the woodland not as a collection of separate entities but as a single living system extending both horizontally through space and vertically through time. He felt the conversation between roots and fungi as a tingling network beneath the soil, tasted the chemical signals that trees used to communicate across vast distances, sensed the intricate web of dependency and support that made each individual possible as if it were his own nervous system extending infinitely outward.

But more than that—and this was what left him speechless for hours afterward—he experienced time at the scale of forests rather than human lives. Seasons became heartbeats he could feel in his chest. Decades became moments of growth and adaptation flowing through his awareness like water. The rise and fall of human civilizations became brief episodes in a story that stretched back millions of years and forward into futures he could not even imagine, all of it present simultaneously in what felt like an eternal now that contained everything.

When his awareness gradually contracted back to human proportions, he found Kanya sitting quietly beside him, waiting.

"What did you learn?" she asked simply.

Evan struggled for words. "I... I don't know how to describe it. It wasn't like anything I expected. It wasn't mystical, exactly, but it was... vast. And patient. And..." He paused, reaching for language that could hold the experience. "I keep groping for words. There's this concept some scholars use—'thick time'—for when past, present and future feel simultaneous, when you experience geological and biological rhythms as if they're happening now. That's the closest I can come to describing it, but even that feels inadequate."

Kanya's eyes brightened with interest. "That's... that does sound like forest-being. I'd never thought about whether there might be parallel insights elsewhere." She was quiet for a moment, then continued, "And now James's question. Do you need to believe in rebirth and karma and all the metaphysical furniture of our tradition to learn from what just happened?"

He considered this. "No. No, I don't think I do. What I experienced... it was about relationship, about scale, about time. It was about ways of paying attention that I'd never learned. But it doesn't require me to accept any particular cosmology."

"And could you have learned it if you'd dismissed our tradition as primitive superstition?"

"Definitely not."

"So what does that suggest about James's either-or choice?"

Evan felt something shift in his understanding, something as profound as his experience with the tree but more intellectual. "That the choice is false. That there are ways of engaging across different worldviews that require neither uncritical acceptance nor dismissive analysis."

Kanya smiled. "My uncle would say you're beginning to understand what we mean by the radical interdependence of all things in practice."

V. Resolution

The morning of their departure, Evan sat once more by the tree, trying to process what he would take away from their month in the forest. Marcus was already planning the paper that would make his career, though he'd been surprisingly respectful about keeping the tree's exact location vague. James had grown quiet over the final week, clearly struggling with questions that their discoveries had raised but not answered.

Lok Ta Sophea approached and settled beside him with the economy of movement that Evan had come to associate with people who were completely at home in the natural world.

"You are wondering how to carry this back to your other life," the old man said.

It wasn't a question. Evan nodded. "I feel like I've learned something important, but I don't know how to integrate it with my academic work. And I don't want to betray what you've shared with us by turning it into just another research finding."

"Nothing you have learned here is diminished by sharing it," Lok Ta Sophea replied. "But perhaps the sharing will need new forms."

Kanya joined them, carrying a small cloth bundle. "For you," she said, offering it to Evan. Inside was a piece of bark from the great tree and a small scroll covered in the same script as the stone plaque.

"What does it say?"

"Seek and be renewed," she translated. "But the Khmer phrase is richer. It suggests something like: 'In searching, allow yourself to become fresh.' Not transformation into something else, but renewal of what you already are."

Evan understood. What he had experienced wasn't a conversion to an alien worldview but a deepening of capacities he had always possessed. The ability to pay attention more carefully, to extend his awareness beyond the narrow focus of immediate self-interest, to participate in relationships rather than simply observing them.

"Will you write about this?" Kanya asked.

"I don't know," he answered honestly. "Not in the usual way. How do you publish a paper on learning to breathe differently?"

"Maybe that's the question you need to live with for a while," she suggested. "Maybe the most important things resist being turned into information."

On the plane back to Melbourne, Evan found himself looking out at the landscape below with different eyes. Not the analytical gaze that categorized and measured, but something more like the patient attention he had learned from the tree. The cities and roads and agricultural patterns weren't scars on the natural world but part of a larger conversation between human and more-than-human systems. A conversation that was still possible to join, if one learned how to listen properly.

He would return to his teaching and research, but something fundamental had shifted. The questions that drove his work were no longer just about understanding the past but about learning how to inhabit the present more thoughtfully. Not as separate from the natural world but as one part of it, capable of participating in relationships of mutual flourishing rather than one-sided exploitation.

Some things, he had learned, were too important to study. They could only be lived.

Epilogue

Two years later, Evan received an email from Kanya with a single line: "The tree remembers you." Attached was a photo of new growth—a young sapling that had sprouted from the great tree's root system, reaching toward light in the eternal cycle of renewal that no amount of analysis could capture but which every moment of careful attention made more real.

He printed the photo and pinned it above his desk, where it served as a daily reminder that the most important learning happened not in libraries or laboratories but in the spaces where different worlds met and taught each other new ways of being alive.


End

Monday, June 23, 2025

Draft 2 Empathy Enhancement

 

The Empathy Enhancement

The helicopter banked left over what had once been the Upper West Side, and Dr. Sarah Ross pressed her face to the window. Nine stories below, murky brown water lapped at the facades of buildings that had once housed millions. Makeshift boats drifted between submerged traffic lights and street signs, their occupants—former New Yorkers who'd had nowhere else to go—paddling through what had been Broadway with pieces of debris. Disease was rampant down there in the toxic soup of floodwater, sewage, and human desperation. Sarah, as she often did, looked in desperate agony at the faceless vagrants below, wondering how many of them she recognized from her old neighborhood, and if any of them might in fact be her child who had gone missing during the floods and was presumed dead. Her husband, eminent climate scientist David Ross, seemed almost oblivious to the squalor below.

"Approaching the UN building, Dr. Ross," the pilot called back. "Landing on the roof in two minutes."

Below them, the East River had merged with the Hudson to create a vast inland sea that stretched from the Bronx to Brooklyn. The United Nations building rose like a modernist lighthouse from the waters, its glass facade streaked with mold and water damage. Only the top fifteen floors were habitable now. This was where the world's remaining functional governments had relocated their most urgent climate negotiations—and where Sarah spent her days trying to provide therapy to leaders whose minds had been systematically destroyed by the very technology meant to save humanity.

The Adirondack Mountains, where she and David had relocated after the floods, seemed like another planet from up here. Clean air, dry land, functioning infrastructure for those wealthy enough to escape. But even there, the weight of what was happening pressed down on her like the humid air that never seemed to lift from the drowned city below.

The helicopter touched down on the UN's rooftop helipad with a metallic thud. Sarah gathered her briefcase—containing files she wasn't supposed to have, psychological assessments too damaging to ever see daylight—and stepped out into the oppressive heat. The smell hit her immediately: mold, decay, and the faint chemical tang of whatever they were using to keep the building's upper floors minimally functional.

The Ross's  took the elevator down to Conference Room 4, the same space where six hours from now these same people would gather for what she optimistically called "therapeutic intervention." The mahogany walls were warped from moisture damage, and she could hear the distant hum of industrial dehumidifiers fighting a losing battle against the pervasive dampness.

As the power couple at the center of post-catastrophe World Government entered, other key scientists and political leader already there greeted them anxiously.  Dr. Amanda Wilson, the Secretary-General's chief climate advisor; Dr. Chen Wei from Beijing's Emergency Climate Authority; Maria Santos from Brazil's Relocation Ministry; and James Morrison, representing what remained of the U.S. State Department's climate division. The most brilliant minds from the world's major powers, gathered to make decisions about the forced relocation of three hundred million climate refugees. And every single one of them was cognitively incapable of the task. Soon the banal routine of incoherent exchanges took shape as it always did there-- institutionalized madness. 

"Look, Maria," David was saying, irritation and condescension dripping from every word, "with due respect, that idea is quite poorly thought out. Let's be serious here."

Maria's face flushed. "David, I happen to recall that this idea was YOURS. I actually got it from the policy brief you wrote last month!"

David blinked, the aggression flickering like a short-circuiting light. "Oh yeah, I wrote that, but..." He turned to his wife Sarah, a renowned climate psychologist, with the expression of a student asking for help on a test. "Wait, Sarah, didn't I change my position on that one?"

Sarah felt that familiar ache behind her ribs. "No, David. Maria is correctly noting your own position, one you have not disowned. You have been questioning it, but it was your idea, and you have mixed feelings about it now." She forced her voice into therapeutic mode. "This is a good time for all of us to discuss mixed or conflicting emotions."

Mixed feelings, she thought, is exactly what I have about my marriage with David. He's completely out of touch with himself. I can't bear it anymore. She glanced around the room at the other members of their morning policy session. All of them watching this exchange with the detached fascination of people observing an interesting psychological phenomenon rather than witnessing the dissolution of two decades of professional collaboration—and with it, the dissolution of humanity's last coordinated response to civilizational collapse.

David was looking at her with that expression again—expectant, dependent, like she was his personal memory bank rather than his wife. The helicopter ride from the mountains that morning had been excruciating. He'd spent forty minutes asking her what his agenda was, what his positions were, whether he seemed optimistic or pessimistic about today's negotiations. She'd wanted to scream: You're deciding the fate of three hundred million displaced people and you can't remember what you believe about any of it.

She remembered when David used to light up over small discoveries—how he'd appear at Emma's bedroom door with a piece of quartz or an interesting fossil, his face animated as he explained its formation. "Look at this one, Em," he'd say, turning the specimen in the lamplight. "See how the crystals caught the pressure just right?" Emma would roll her eyes but smile, and David would set the rock carefully on her windowsill with the others. Now he couldn't even access whether he cared about the rocks still sitting in their daughter's abandoned room. 

"I'm having trouble following this," said Dr. Wilson, raising her hand tentatively. "Could someone remind me—are we for or against expanding the Mediterranean resettlement camps?"

"We discussed this yesterday," Sarah said gently. "You've been advocating for them for months. You called them 'humane transition facilities.'"

Wilson nodded seriously, as if filing away information about a stranger. "I know I argue for them... but do I seem to really believe that? Sometimes I feel like I just say I support them because someone told me to. You're a psychologist. How would I know the difference?"

This was the moment Sarah always dreaded—when the fundamental impossibility of their situation became too stark to ignore. How do you provide therapy to people who can't access their own emotional states? How do you help them process feelings they can't feel, resolve conflicts they can't understand?

 

                                               ***********************

 

The empathy implants had been humanity's last hope. After decades of political paralysis in the face of accelerating climate collapse, after the great floods of 2039 had left coastal cities uninhabitable and displaced nearly a billion people, the world's governments had finally accepted that traditional diplomacy was inadequate. The technology was supposed to enhance mirror neuron activity while suppressing self-referential processing—to make world leaders more attuned to others' suffering and less trapped in their own egos.

Initial trials had shown unprecedented levels of understanding and compassion. The participants could read others' emotions with startling accuracy, could sense thoughts and desires across the room, could feel others' pain as viscerally as their own. Surely, this enhanced empathy would catalyze long-overdue action on the existential threats that had brought civilization to the brink. The trials showed marked decreases in self-centered and narcissistic thinking. Greed was apparently attenuated, while attentiveness to others over self was accentuated markedly.

What no one had anticipated was that such highly concentrated sensitivity to  others would come at the cost of any coherent sense of self. The enhanced mirror neurons worked beautifully—but they'd effectively severed these people from their own inner lives. They could tell you exactly what everyone else in the room was feeling, but had no access to their own emotions, judgments, or values. This unintended consequence had inadvertently created yet another existential threat: mentally incompetent world leaders making life-and-death decisions about the planet's future.

Almost all politicians and senior scientists in the major powers had been enhanced. The technology had been voluntary, but the social pressure was immense—who would refuse a procedure that promised to make them more compassionate, more effective at global cooperation? Only a few had opted out, mostly researchers like Sarah who needed to study the effects. Nobody knew if these unintended side effects could be reversed.

Of course, ordinary citizens knew nothing about this. It was classified information in every country, lest panic be triggered. Now the fate of the earth's population rested on bizarre UN meetings and attempts at therapeutic intervention to "reverse" the effects of the enhancements. Sarah Ross as the lead psychologist behind the experiments, was now heading the effort to "rehabilitate" the affected politicians and scientists-- including, of course, her husband. He had been--and nominally continued to be--  one of the most influential members of the Post Catastrophe World Government that convened at the UN to make decisions individual nation-states no longer could in a transnational crisis of such magnitude. The end result was bizarre-- elite global technocrats without access to their own feelings at meetings held in a city now largely depopulated, with makeshift dykes and more helicopters than cars, and more homeless people in boats than helicopters and cars combined.

"Sarah," David said suddenly, "am I angry about something? I feel like I should be angry, but I can't tell if it's my anger or if I'm just picking up on Maria's anger."

"You seem frustrated," she offered, though she knew it was pointless. He could sense everyone else's frustration in the room, but couldn't distinguish it from any feelings that might be his own.

Chen Wei was staring at David with a mixture of confusion and something like grief. "David, we've worked together for fifteen years. We collaborated on the Beijing Protocols. Our families have vacationed together." His voice cracked slightly. "But I have to ask—do I actually respect you as a colleague? Because right now, honestly, you seem like kind of an arrogant ass."

"You've never said that to me before, so it's probably not what you actually think," David returned, before turning to Sarah and asking,  "But Sarah, would I be able to tell if people found me arrogant, but never said so? What would that look like?" He seemed disturbed by the possibility, and after a few moment added earnestly,  "Sarah, am I an arrogant ass?"

The other group members were taking notes—not about their own psychological insights, but about what others were saying about their personalities and beliefs. They'd all started keeping journals based entirely on external reports, trying to construct some sense of identity from secondhand observations. Sarah had watched brilliant minds reduced to this: desperate, dependent creatures who could analyze everyone else's mental states with scientific precision but couldn't access their own.

She excused herself and walked to the window. Outside, nine stories below, a small armada of makeshift boats navigated between the skeletal remains of yellow taxi cabs, their roofs just visible above the waterline. These were the former residents of Manhattan—teachers, shop owners, office workers—who had become boat people in their own city. Many were sick from the contaminated water. Many more had simply disappeared in the chaos of the floods, like her daughter Emma.

Emma. Nineteen years old, studying art at NYU when the levees broke. She'd been somewhere in the Village that day, but no one knew where. The water had risen so fast, and the cell towers had gone down almost immediately. Sarah had spent weeks searching evacuation centers, refugee camps, makeshift hospitals. David had helped at first, but after his enhancement procedure, he'd lost access to his own grief. He could remember that they'd had a daughter, could recite the facts of her disappearance, but couldn't feel the devastating loss that consumed Sarah's every waking moment.

"Do I seem sad about Emma?" he'd asked her just last week, apropos of nothing. "I know I should be sad, but I can't tell if I am."

That night, alone in their Adirondack cabin while David attended another pointless video conference, Sarah had taken her first Xanax in years. Then another. The bottle was nearly empty now.

The conference room erupted in voices behind her. She turned to see Chen Wei and Morrison arguing about agricultural zones, their faces red with what looked like passion but was probably just reflected emotion from others in the room.

"The Northern Agricultural Zones can't possibly accommodate another fifty million relocations!" Morrison was shouting.

"Really?" Chen Wei shot back, "Didn't you warn in a report that overcrowding in the other zones might necessitate just such relocations?"

Morrison, both annoyed and perplexed said, "I wrote it, but I have no evidence that I believed it at the time. We were all under great pressure at the time. Right Sarah?"

"Gentlemen, I wasn't inside your heads when you wrote those documents, and I can't retroactively psychoanalyze your motivations," Sarah answered, adding, "Mr. Morrison, if you can't trust your own documented analysis, how can we make any policy decisions? Dr. Chen, you're asking me to interpret whether you believed in your own work. This is exactly the problem we're here to address."

She closed her eyes. This happened every day now. The world's most urgent policies being debated by people who couldn't trust their own expertise, their own documented conclusions, their own moral frameworks. They treated their past work like archaeological artifacts they were trying to decode, constantly asking her to interpret their own former convictions. Meanwhile, outside these windows, boat people were dying of dysentery and cholera in water that reached the second floors of what had once been their homes.

That evening, after the day's "policy session" had dissolved into the usual confusion, the same conference room was cleared of documents and transformed into what Sarah called a therapeutic environment. The UN flag hung limply in the corner, a symbol of an institution that had become a psychiatric ward for the world's most powerful people.

"I need to ask you all something," she said, looking around at their expectant faces. "How many of you, when you're alone at night, feel like you're missing something essential? Something that used to be there but isn't anymore?"

Every hand in the room went up.

"Something without which decision-making becomes all but impossible?"

The hands stayed up.

Sarah thought about the classified file in her briefcase. The psychological assessment reports. The documentation of cognitive decline among world leaders. The pre-implant scientific analyses showing what competent policy work had looked like. The communications documenting the UN leaders' efforts to hide their condition from other government networks. The recommendations for immediate disclosure that had been buried by the same leaders who were too impaired to understand what they were burying.

Three hundred million climate refugees were waiting to learn their fate—whether they'd be resettled in facilities that these leaders couldn't remember supporting, allocated to agricultural zones they'd forgotten designing, or simply left to die in camps they were no longer capable of properly managing. And every day of delay meant more irreversible climate damage, more tipping points crossed, more of the planet pushed beyond recovery.

Her phone buzzed. A text from an unknown number: Sarah, it's Tom Chen from the old Columbia team. We need to talk. There are more of us than you think. Mountain View Inn, Route 73, tomorrow at 7. Come alone.

Tom Chen. She remembered him—one of David's former colleagues who'd refused the enhancement procedure. He'd disappeared from academic life after the floods, and she'd assumed he was dead. But apparently, he wasn't alone.

More of us.

For the first time in months, she felt something that might have been hope.


The Mountain View Inn sat on a wooded hillside thirty miles from their cabin, far enough from the flooded valleys to feel like the old world still existed. Sarah arrived early and sat in her car, watching the building through a light rain. Her hands were shaking—withdrawal from the Xanax, or nervousness, or both.

When she finally walked inside, she found them in a back room: eight people gathered around a rough wooden table. Tom Chen, looking older but alert in a way she'd forgotten was possible. Dr. Elizabeth Harper, formerly of NOAA's climate modeling division. Two engineers from the old Army Corps, a former EPA administrator, a tech entrepreneur she vaguely recognized, and two others she didn't know at all.

All of them unenhanced. All of them still capable of coherent thought.

"Sarah," Tom said, standing to embrace her. "Thank god you came."

"How many?" she asked immediately.

"More than you'd think. We've got networks in twelve countries now. Scientists, engineers, policy people—everyone who refused the enhancements or wasn't considered important enough to get them." He gestured to the others. "We've been organizing."

"Organizing for what?"

Elizabeth Harper leaned forward. "To do what the enhanced can't. Make actual decisions about climate intervention."

Over the next three hours, they laid out their alternative vision. Not the paralyzed global cooperation of the UN, but a distributed network of competent regional authorities. Scientists and engineers who could still think, working with the few remaining functional national leaders who understood their specific challenges. Immediate deployment of radical geoengineering—solar radiation management, stratospheric aerosol injection, massive atmospheric interventions coordinated by computer networks rather than bureaucratic institutions.

"It's extremely risky," Tom admitted. "These interventions could have catastrophic unintended consequences. We could trigger weather pattern disruptions, ecosystem collapses, effects we can't predict. But we're past the point of safe choices. Every month the enhanced spend in paralysis is another month of irreversible damage."

"The enhanced don't even understand what they're looking at," said Harper. "They can see the boat people outside the UN, but they can't process the moral urgency. They know refugees need relocation, but they can't feel why it matters. They can't access their own judgment about what's worth risking."

Sarah thought of David asking her how he should feel about their daughter's death. Of Wilson forgetting her own policy positions from day to day. Of Morrison dismissing his own expertise as potentially insincere. Of three hundred million people waiting for decisions from leaders who had lost the capacity to make them.

"What would you need from me?" she asked.

"Access," Tom said simply. "You have files, contacts, infrastructure. Pre-implant scientific analyses that show what competent policy work looks like. Documentation of the enhanced leaders' cognitive decline. Evidence of their efforts to hide their condition from other government networks. And you're the only person in that building who can still think clearly about what's happening."

"David," she said quietly. "My husband. He's enhanced."

Tom's expression softened. "Sarah, I'm sorry. But you know better than anyone—he's not really your husband anymore. None of them are really themselves."

She closed her eyes and saw David's face that morning, asking her whether he seemed to care about agricultural policy. Felt the familiar ache of trying to love someone who no longer existed in any meaningful sense.

"If we do this," she said, "if we expose what's happening at the UN and provide evidence to the remaining functional governments, David and the others... what happens to them?"

"Probably psychiatric care," Harper said gently. "They can't be allowed to continue making decisions that affect billions of people. But maybe, away from the pressure of governance, some of them might recover partially. We don't know."

Sarah looked around the table at these faces—tired, worried, but fundamentally present in a way that David and the others no longer were. People who could still access their own convictions, their own moral frameworks, their own sense of urgency about the crisis they were facing.

"The interventions you're proposing," she said. "Solar radiation management, atmospheric engineering—these are planetary experiments. We can't predict all the consequences."

"No," Tom said. "We can't. We're essentially gambling with the planet's future. But the alternative is watching it burn while enhanced leaders debate policies they can't understand. At least our gambles would be made by people capable of weighing risks and making informed decisions."


Two weeks later, Sarah stood in the same Conference Room 4, carrying two briefcases. One contained her usual therapy notes. The other contained copies of everything—psychological assessments, cognitive evaluations, communications from the unenhanced networks, documentation of the enhanced leaders' complete inability to govern, and most crucially, evidence of their systematic efforts to conceal their condition from other government networks.

The morning policy session was already underway. David and the others were debating refugee allocation numbers with their characteristic blend of passion and confusion, arguing for positions they couldn't remember taking, defending policies they couldn't understand.

"Excuse me," Sarah said, interrupting a heated exchange between Morrison and Santos about camp conditions. "I have an announcement."

They turned to her with the polite attention they gave to all interruptions—another symptom of their condition. Enhanced empathy had made them exquisitely sensitive to others' emotional states but incapable of prioritizing or filtering information based on their own judgment.

"This will be our last session," she said. "Effective immediately, this governing body is being dissolved."

"Dissolved?" David asked, looking confused. "By whom?"

"By people who can still think."

For the next hour, she explained everything. The psychological assessments documenting their cognitive decline. The existence of unenhanced networks in twelve countries. The complete breakdown of decision-making capacity among the world's enhanced leadership. The alternative governance structures already being established by competent regional authorities. The evidence that would be presented to remaining functional governments showing that the UN enhanced leadership had systematically concealed their impairment.

They listened with the same polite attention they gave to everything else, taking notes on information they wouldn't be able to process or act on.

"So you're saying we're fired?" David asked when she finished.

"Yes, David. I'm so sorry, but—"

"Well, I doubt I'd like that," he interrupted. "I mean, you know me well. Does that sound like something I'd like? I have good reason to think I'm not happy with this. Should I feel upset?"

Sarah felt the déjà vu of living with an emotionally coreless husband for over a year—someone she couldn't share feelings with, someone who'd become a stranger wearing her husband's face. At moments like this, she could forgive herself for the torturous decision she'd made.

"Yes," she said quietly. "You should feel upset. You all should. But you can't, and that's exactly why this has to happen."

Outside the conference room windows, the boat people continued their endless navigation of the drowned city, waiting for decisions that would never come from leaders who'd forgotten how to lead themselves. But forty miles north, in the Adirondack Mountains, competent people were already coordinating interventions that might slow the planet's heating—or might trigger cascading effects no one could predict.

The enhanced leaders might be saved, placed in care, possibly recover some measure of their former selves away from the impossible pressures of global governance. The planet might be saved by desperate geoengineering gambles implemented by people still capable of weighing terrible risks against worse certainties. Or the interventions might fail catastrophically, creating new forms of environmental chaos.

But at least the people making decisions would be capable of understanding what they were deciding. At least someone would be able to access their own judgment about what was worth risking when there were no safe choices left.

Sarah picked up her briefcases and walked toward the elevator. Behind her, she could hear David asking the others whether he seemed upset about being fired, and whether anyone could tell him what upset was supposed to feel like.

The helicopter was waiting on the roof to take her north—toward the mountains, toward people who could still think and feel and choose, toward the uncertain hope that competent desperation might accomplish what enhanced paralysis never could.

As they lifted off over the drowned city, Sarah pressed her face to the window one last time, looking down at the boat people navigating between the ruins of the world that had been. She didn't look back at the UN building. There was nothing left there worth saving.

But ahead, in the clean air of the mountains, people were taking enormous risks to build something new from the wreckage of what had failed. Whether they would succeed was unknowable. Whether their interventions would help or harm was unpredictable. Whether it was already too late regardless of who was in charge was unanswerable.

But for the first time in over a year, Sarah felt cautiously hopeful that at least some degree of efficacious action—however dangerous, however uncertain—might finally be possible.

 

Saturday, June 21, 2025

 


Beyond Ideological Reductionism: A Pragmatist Framework for Trumpworld 2.0

Introduction: Why Old Theories Fail

The return of Donald Trump to power has unleashed a torrent of competing theories—broligarchy, End Times Fascism, Slobodian’s neoliberal genealogy—each grasping at a piece of the puzzle but missing the regime’s core dynamic. These frameworks, while illuminating, share a common flaw: they seek ideological coherence where Trumpworld 2.0 is defined by volatility, improvisation, and personalist rule. This project proposes a new, three-level approach rooted in pragmatic pluralism, offering a “good enough” framework for understanding and tracking the ever-shifting landscape of American authoritarianism.


Project Structure: Three Levels of Analysis

  1. Meta-Framework: Pragmatic Pluralism
    Drawing on Dewey and Mead, this project rejects ideological reductionism in favor of a flexible, process-oriented philosophy. Pragmatic pluralism underwrites all subsequent analysis, emphasizing empirical inquiry, cultural relativism, and adaptive theorizing in response to “ruptures in experience.”

  2. Empirical Case Studies
    The personalist model is tested against concrete cases—such as the Musk-Trump feud, the sidelining of Leonard Leo and the Federalist Society, and the rise and fall of coalition partners like Christian nationalists, tech elites, and MAHA. Each case is examined for what it reveals about coalition volatility, elite disposability, and the transactional logic of Trump’s regime.

  3. Policy Genealogies: Authoritarian Tools and Amalgamation
    Special attention is given to the genealogy of Trump’s authoritarian policies, particularly the fusion of New Antisemitism Ethos (NAS) and anti-wokeism. These bipartisan and transnational currents, weaponized under Trump 2.0, are traced through episodes like university defunding and mass deportation, showing how policy tools are adapted for personalist purposes.


Why Ideological Models Fall Short

  • Broligarchy posits a stable tech-elite alliance, but Musk’s public criticism of Trump and subsequent marginalization reveal the limits of oligarchic partnership under personalist rule.

  • End Times Fascism highlights Christian nationalist mobilization but cannot explain the displacement of CN by anti-woke and pro-Israel factions, or the emergence of new coalition players like MAHA.

  • Slobodian’s Neoliberal Genealogy uncovers the authoritarian potential within neoliberalism but falters when faced with Trump’s overt statism, tariffs, and coalition with post-liberal and anti-capitalist thinkers.

All these models underestimate the improvisational, transactional, and contingent nature of Trump’s coalition management.


The Personalist-Locomotive Alternative

Trump 2.0 is best understood as a personalist system:

  • Coalition Management: Factions board and disembark the “Trump locomotive” as expedient, wielding influence only so long as they serve the leader’s immediate interests.

  • Instrumental Ideology: Trump deploys “deep stories” and symbolic appointments (e.g., RFK Jr. for MAHA, Huckabee for Christian Zionists) to mobilize groups without genuine ideological commitment.

  • Empirical Ruptures: Feuds (Musk), policy reversals (abortion bans), and shifting alliances expose the brittleness and volatility of personalist power.

This model, grounded in pragmatic pluralism, privileges process and empirical inquiry over theoretical perfection, using real-time ruptures as opportunities for adaptive analysis.


Preview of Case Studies

Subsequent sections will apply this framework to:

  • The Musk-Trump feud and elite disposability (“There Is No Broligarchy”)

  • The genealogy of NAS/anti-woke amalgamation in university defunding and deportation policy

  • The shifting role of Christian nationalism and the rise of new coalition players


Implications for Resistance and Analysis

Personalism’s lack of deep institutional roots means it is both dangerous and fragile. Democratic resilience depends less on ideological counter-narratives and more on institutional defense, judicial independence, and coalition-building among threatened groups. Recognizing the primacy of personalist dynamics—not ideological coherence—offers a more realistic roadmap for both understanding and challenging Trumpworld 2.0.


Conclusion

This project moves beyond ideological reductionism, offering a pragmatic, pluralist, and empirically grounded approach to the study of Trumpism. By tracking coalition shifts, policy genealogies, and the improvisational logic of personalist rule, we aim to provide a living model—one flexible enough to adapt as Trumpworld itself evolves.


Instructions for this page:

  • Use this space to draft, refine, and debate the personalist/pragmatic pluralist model.

  • Add new case studies, genealogies, and critiques as the project develops.

  • Keep the focus on empirical ruptures, coalition dynamics, and methodological innovation.

Beyond Ideological Reductionism

 

Introduction: Navigating the Complexity of Trump 2.0
The return of Donald Trump to power has sparked a flurry of theories attempting to explain his political project, each grasping at different facets of contemporary American authoritarianism. From the "broligarchy" narrative, which sees a stable alliance with tech elites, to "End Times Fascism," emphasizing apocalyptic Christian nationalism, to Quinn Slobodian's neoliberal genealogy, these frameworks highlight important dynamics but often miss the forest for the trees. This essay argues that these approaches, rooted in ideological coherence, fail to capture Trumpworld 2.0's essence, which is better understood through personalism—a system where power centers on a single leader who instrumentally deploys diverse ideologies for coalition management, not reducible to any one. Drawing on American pragmatism, particularly John Dewey's focus on process over perfection, this analysis offers a "good enough" framework for understanding Trump's regime, acknowledging cultural relativism as a brute fact and emphasizing empirical inquiry into "ruptures in experience."
The Limits of Ideological Paradigms
Ideological frameworks seek to reduce Trumpism to a single narrative, but each falls short when faced with the regime's volatility.
  • Broligarchy: Popularized in late 2024, this model posits a durable tech-government alliance, with Elon Musk's $300 million campaign support and DOGE leadership suggesting oligarchic power-sharing [Vox, June 2025]. Yet, Musk's public criticism of Trump's "One Big Beautiful Bill" as a "disgusting abomination" on X and threats to leverage Starlink reveal a courtier relationship, not partnership. Trump's willingness to threaten contract revocations underscores personalist control, not stability [NYT, June 2025].
  • End Times Fascism: This framework, articulated by Naomi Klein and Astra Taylor, captures Christian nationalism's mobilization but struggles with coalition diversity. Katherine Stewart's work on CN networks during Trump 1.0 is insightful, but Trump's distancing from abortion bans and Leonard Leo, labeled a "sleazebag" [CNN, June 2025], shows CN's displacement by anti-woke and pro-Israel factions. It fails to account for MAHA (RFK Jr.) or America First vs. "Israel First" tensions [The Hill, June 2025].
  • Slobodian's Neoliberal Genealogy: Slobodian's Hayek's Bastards traces Trumpism to neoliberalism's evolution, but Trump's tariffs, industrial policy, and national conservative alliances contradict Austrian economics. Figures like Curtis Yarvin reject Hayek, favoring anti-capitalist thinkers, highlighting empirical incoherence [Slobodian, 2025].
These models, seeking ideological coherence, overlook Trump's transactional, improvisational approach, missing coalition volatility and elite disposability.
The Personalist Alternative: Pragmatic Pluralism in Action
Trump 2.0 is better understood as a personalist system, where factions—Christian nationalists, anti-woke crusaders, tech elites, pro-Israel hawks, America Firsters, and MAHA—act as passengers on the "Trump locomotive," boarding and disembarking as expedient. This model, rooted in pragmatic pluralism, accepts cultural relativism as a brute fact, focusing on process over perfection, and leverages "ruptures in experience" (e.g., Musk's feud, CN's policy setbacks) for inquiry.
  • Coalition Management: CN, once central, is now a partner, with Russ Vought's policies overshadowed by anti-woke efforts to defund universities and pro-Israel initiatives like anti-BDS laws [ECPS, Feb. 2025]. Tech-libertarians like Musk pursue privatization, finding common cause with CN on government overreach, but Musk's feud shows disposability [American Bridge PAC, 2024]. America First vs. "Israel First" tensions, with isolationists like Tucker Carlson clashing over Iran, reveal competition [BBC, June 2025].
  • Instrumental Ideology: Trump's "deep stories"—from "everyman populist" for working-class whites to "New David" for evangelicals—mobilize factions without ideological commitment, aligning with pragmatic pluralism's focus on utility [Hochschild, 2016].
  • Empirical Ruptures: The Musk-Trump feud, with Musk's X post calling for impeachment, forced inquiry into elite power, revealing personalism's brittleness [Axios, June 2025]. CN's lack of abortion ban, despite Vought's push, shows coalition shifts, demanding adaptive honesty and fallibilism in analysis.
This personalist model, grounded in Deweyan inquiry, explains volatility, disposability, and incoherence, offering a "good enough" framework for navigating Trumpworld 2.0's complexity.
Why Personalism Explains More
Personalism captures phenomena ideological models miss:
  • Elite Disposability: Musk's subordination, despite Starlink's indispensability, shows power hinges on loyalty, not institutions [Bremmer, June 2025].
  • Policy Incoherence: Tariffs and immigration restrictions defy neoliberalism, emerging from coalition management, not ideology [Slobodian, 2025].
  • Symbolic Politics: Appointments like RFK Jr. for MAHA signal to factions, not reflect policy, aligning with pragmatic pluralism's process focus.
Personalism's brittleness—lacking deep roots—offers hope for resistance, unlike oligarchies. Brazil and Poland's reversals show personalist regimes can be undone with institutional pushback [Moynihan, 2025].
Conclusion: A Pragmatist Path Forward
Competing theories illuminate aspects of Trumpism but miss its personalist essence, seeking coherence where none exists. Trump's genius lies in deploying ideologies instrumentally, managing a diverse coalition while remaining accountable to none. This personalist dynamic, rooted in pragmatic pluralism, explains both strength (mobilizing constituencies) and weakness (dependence on loyalty). For resistance, prioritize institutional defense, judicial independence, and coalition-building, leveraging personalism's fragility. The search for a "good enough" framework, accepting cultural relativism and focusing on process, keeps the conversation alive, offering hope in navigating Trumpworld 2.0's complexities